Proximity-Induced Mixed Odd and Even Frequency Pairings in Monolayer NbSe$_2$

TL;DR

This paper investigates how proximity effects in monolayer NbSe$_2$ induce mixed singlet-triplet superconductivity with both odd and even frequency components, influenced by ferromagnetic substrates and Ising spin-orbit coupling.

Contribution

It reveals the emergence of mixed s+f pairing and odd-even frequency admixture states in monolayer NbSe$_2$ due to ferromagnetic proximity and Ising SOC.

Findings

Realization of mixed singlet-triplet superconductivity (s+f)

Induction of odd- and even-frequency pairing components

Manipulation of pairing symmetry via magnetization direction

Abstract

Monolayer superconducting transition metal dichalcogenide NbSe$_2$ is a candidate for a nodal topological superconductor by magnetic field. Because of the so-called Ising spin-orbit coupling that strongly pins the electron spins to the out-of-plane direction, Cooper pairs in monolayer superconductor NbSe$_2$ are protected against an applied in-plane magnetic field much larger than the Pauli limit. In monolayer NbSe$_2$, in addition to the Fermi pockets at the corners of Brillouin zone with opposite crystal momentum similar to other semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides, there is an extra Fermi pocket around the $\Gamma$ point with much smaller spin splitting, which could lead to an alternative strategy for pairing possibilities that are manipulable by a smaller magnetic field. By considering a monolayer NbSe$_2$-ferromagnet substrate junction, we explore the modified pairing correlations on the pocket at $\Gamma$ point in hole-doped monolayer NbSe$_2$. The underlying physics is fascinating as there is a delicate interplay of the induced exchange field and the Ising spin-orbit coupling. We realize a mixed singlet-triplet superconductivity, s+f, due to the Ising spin-orbit coupling. Moreover, our results reveal the admixture state including both odd- and even-frequency components, associated with the ferromagnetic proximity effect. Different frequency symmetries of the induced pairing correlations can be realized by manipulating the magnitude and direction of the induced magnetization.