Effect of disorder and noise in shaping the dynamics of power grids

TL;DR

This paper explores how disorder and noise influence the synchronization and stability of power grid models using the Kuramoto model with inertia, highlighting effects of network topology and stochastic fluctuations.

Contribution

It introduces a combined analysis of topological disorder and noise effects on power grid dynamics using an extended Kuramoto model with inertia.

Findings

Hysteretic behavior varies with inertial mass and network dilution.

Noise impacts synchronization transition and stability.

Disorder and noise jointly influence power grid robustness.

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to investigate complex dynamic networks which can model high-voltage power grids with renewable, fluctuating energy sources. For this purpose we use the Kuramoto model with inertia to model the network of power plants and consumers. In particular, we analyse the synchronization transition of networks of $N$ phase oscillators with inertia (rotators) whose natural frequencies are bimodally distributed, corresponding to the distribution of generator and consumer power. First, we start from globally coupled networks whose links are successively diluted, resulting in a random Erd\"os-Renyi network. We focus on the changes in the hysteretic loop while varying inertial mass and dilution. Second, we implement Gaussian white noise describing the randomly fluctuating input power, and investigate its role in shaping the dynamics. Finally, we briefly discuss power grid networks under the impact of both topological disorder and external noise sources.