Quantum Circuit Model of Black Hole Evaporation

TL;DR

This paper models black hole evaporation using a quantum circuit approach, revealing how entanglement between the black hole and Hawking radiation varies with parameters, and suggesting conditions for information loss or preservation.

Contribution

It introduces a quantum circuit model to analyze black hole evaporation, highlighting the dependence of entanglement structure on black hole mass and radiation frequency, and exploring implications for the information paradox.

Findings

Entanglement depends on black hole mass and radiation frequency.

Low frequency radiation leads to separable black hole-radiation states after the Page time.

High frequency radiation maintains entanglement, preventing information loss.

Abstract

We consider a quantum circuit model describing the evaporation process of black holes. We specifically examine the behavior of the multipartite entanglement represented by this model, and find that the entanglement structure depends on the black hole mass $M$ and the frequency of the Hawking radiation $\omega$. For sufficiently small values of $M\omega$, the black hole and the radiation system becomes a separable state after the Page time and a firewall-like structure appears. On the contrary, for larger values of $M\omega$, the entanglement between the black hole and the radiation is not lost. These behaviors imply that owing to the monogamy property of the multipartite entanglement, low frequency modes of the Hawking radiation destroys the quantum correlation between the black hole and the emitted Hawking radiation.