The variability of the warm absorber in I Zwicky 1 as seen by XMM-Newton

TL;DR

This study analyzes the complex, variable warm absorber in galaxy I Zwicky 1 using XMM-Newton data, revealing a multi-phase outflow with ionization states influenced by clumpy, disc-related structures.

Contribution

It introduces a phenomenological model of a clumpy, multi-phase outflow explaining the observed variability and ionization changes in the warm absorber of I Zwicky 1.

Findings

Identification of two ionized gas components with different ionization levels.

Variability in ionization states not directly correlated with continuum changes.

Proposed model linking clumpy outflows to accretion disc activity.

Abstract

We present new XMM-Newton observations of the intriguing warm absorber in I Zwicky 1. This luminous and nearby narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy shows ionized absorption by two components of outflowing gas; a low and a high-ionization phase with log $\xi$~0 and log $\xi$~2 respectively. Detailed modelling of these data reveal a complex and variable multi-phase warm absorber. However, we find the changes in the ionization state of the gas not to be straightforwardly correlated with the variability of the intrinsic continuum source, in apparent contrast with photoionization equilibrium. The observed variability hints instead at a close connection between the two gas components, possibly both directly connected to the accretion disc activity. We thus suggest a phenomenological model capable of explaining these observations, consisting of a clumpy outflow where the high and the low-ionization components are closely linked. Changes in ionization over the years are mainly driven by the different densities of the clumps crossing the observer's line-of-sight, in which the `skin' layer facing the source accounts for the more ionized component.