Exploring the Nature of the 2016 {\gamma}-ray Emission in the Blazar 1749+096

TL;DR

This study investigates the 2016 gamma-ray activity in blazar 1749+096, revealing correlations with multi-wavelength flux changes and jet disturbances, and suggesting a disturbance in the core region caused the gamma-ray events.

Contribution

It provides a multi-wavelength analysis linking gamma-ray outbursts to jet activity and polarization changes, offering insights into the emission mechanisms in blazar jets.

Findings

Gamma-ray outburst coincides with flux maxima at longer wavelengths.

Spectral hardening of gamma-ray photon index during outburst.

Gamma-ray events linked to propagation of a disturbance in the VLBI core.

Abstract

Recent Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) light curves indicate an active $\gamma$-ray state spanning about five months from 2016 June to 2016 October in the BL Lac object 1749+096 (OT 081). During this period, we find two notable $\gamma$-ray events: an exceptionally strong outburst followed by a significant enhancement (local peak). In this study, we analyze multi-waveband light curves (radio, optical, X-ray, and $\gamma$-ray) plus very-long baseline interferometry (VLBI) data to investigate the nature of the $\gamma$-ray events. The $\gamma$-ray outburst coincides with flux maxima at longer wavelengths. We find a spectral hardening of the $\gamma$-ray photon index during the $\gamma$-ray outburst. The photon index shows a transition from a softer-when-brighter to a harder-when-brighter trend at around 1.8 $\times$ $10^{-7}$ ph cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. We see indication that both the $\gamma$-ray outburst and the subsequent enhancement precede the propagation of a polarized knot in a region near the VLBI core. The highest polarized intensity, 230\,mJy, and an electric vector position angle rotation, by $\sim$32$^{\circ}$, are detected about 12 days after the $\gamma$-ray outburst. We conclude that both $\gamma$-ray events are caused by the propagation of a disturbance in the mm-wave core.