The Frustration of being Odd: Universal Area Law violation in local systems

TL;DR

This paper investigates entanglement entropy in frustrated spin chains with an odd number of sites, revealing a universal violation of the area law that challenges single-particle interpretations.

Contribution

It demonstrates a universal area law violation in long-range correlations of frustrated systems, supported by a new law derived from a single-particle perspective.

Findings

Entanglement entropy violates the area law in certain frustrated chains.

Long-range correlations follow a universal law.

Behavior differs from non-frustrated systems at large distances.

Abstract

At the core of every frustrated system, one can identify the existence of frustrated rings that are usually interpreted in terms of single--particle physics. We check this point of view through a careful analysis of the entanglement entropy of both models that admit an exact single--particle decomposition of their Hilbert space due to integrability and those for which the latter is supposed to hold only as a low energy approximation. In particular, we study generic spin chains made by an odd number of sites with short-range antiferromagnetic interactions and periodic boundary conditions, thus characterized by a weak, i.e. nonextensive, frustration. While for distances of the order of the correlation length the phenomenology of these chains is similar to that of the non-frustrated cases, we find that correlation functions involving a number of sites scaling like the system size follow different rules. We quantify the long-range correlations through the von Neumann entanglement entropy, finding that indeed it violates the area law, while not diverging with the system size. This behavior is well fitted by a universal law that we derive from the conjectured single--particle picture.