From chiral anomaly to two-fluid hydrodynamics for electronic vortices

TL;DR

This paper develops a consistent phenomenological theory incorporating the fermionic chiral anomaly to accurately model electronic vortices and phase slips in charge density wave systems, addressing limitations of previous approaches.

Contribution

It introduces a novel theoretical framework that accounts for the chiral anomaly, improving the modeling of topologically nontrivial electronic states and dynamics.

Findings

Identifies issues with charge conservation in traditional models.

Derives equations incorporating the chiral anomaly for better physical accuracy.

Numerically simulates space-time vortices and phase slip dynamics.

Abstract

Many recent experiments addressed manifestations of electronic crystals, particularly the charge density waves, in nano-junctions, under electric field effect, at high magnetic fields, together with real space visualizations by STM and micro X-ray diffraction. This activity returns the interest to stationary or transient states with static and dynamic topologically nontrivial configurations: electronic vortices as dislocations, instantons as phase slip centers, and ensembles of microscopic solitons. Describing and modeling these states and processes calls for an efficient phenomenological theory which should take into account the degenerate order parameter, various kinds of normal carriers and the electric field. Here we notice that the commonly employed time-depend Ginzburg-Landau approach suffers with violation of the charge conservation law resulting in unphysical generation of particles which is particularly strong for nucleating or moving electronic vortices. We present a consistent theory which exploits the chiral transformations taking into account the principle contribution of the fermionic chiral anomaly to the effective action. The resulting equations clarify partitions of charges, currents and rigidity among subsystems of the condensate and normal carriers. On this basis we perform the numerical modeling of a spontaneously generated coherent sequence of phase slips - the space-time vortices - serving for the conversion among the injected normal current and the collective one.