Spectral lines of extreme compact objects

TL;DR

This paper investigates how extreme compact objects (ECOs), which are horizonless alternatives to black holes, produce unique spectral lines in their absorption spectra due to trapped modes, potentially allowing observational distinction from black holes.

Contribution

The study introduces a simplified Nariai spacetime model to analytically describe spectral lines of ECOs and compares it with numerical results, highlighting observable differences from black holes.

Findings

Spectral lines are generated by trapped modes between the ECO core and potential barrier.

Resonance with trapped modes enhances absorption at specific frequencies.

The Nariai model effectively captures key spectral features of ECOs.

Abstract

We study the absorption of scalar fields by extreme/exotic compact objects (ECOs) -- horizonless alternatives to black holes -- via a simple model in which dissipative mechanisms are encapsulated in a single parameter. Trapped modes, localized between the ECO core and the potential barrier at the photosphere, generate Breit-Wigner-type spectral lines in the absorption cross section. Absorption is enhanced whenever the wave frequency resonates with a trapped mode, leading to a spectral profile which differs qualitatively from that of a black hole. We introduce a model based on Nariai spacetime, in which properties of the spectral lines are calculated in closed form. We present numerically calculated absorption cross sections and transmission factors for example scenarios, and show how the Nariai model captures the essential features. We argue that, in principle, ECOs can be distinguished from black holes through their absorption spectra.