Viscous hydrodynamics for nonconformal anisotropic fluids

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel (3+1)-dimensional anisotropic hydrodynamics framework that effectively models large pressure anisotropies and bulk viscous effects in heavy-ion collisions, improving upon traditional methods.

Contribution

It presents a new formulation of anisotropic hydrodynamics that nonperturbatively incorporates significant pressure anisotropies and bulk viscous pressure in heavy-ion collision modeling.

Findings

Comparison shows improved modeling of pressure anisotropy.

Framework effectively captures bulk viscous effects.

Enhanced accuracy over standard viscous hydrodynamics.

Abstract

A new formulation of (3+1)-dimensional anisotropic hydrodynamics is presented that accounts nonperturbatively for the large longitudinal-transverse pressure anisotropy and bulk viscous pressure in heavy-ion collisions. The initialization of the anisotropic hydrodynamic stage is discussed, and a comparison to standard viscous hydrodynamics for (0+1)- dimensional Bjorken expansion is presented.