Generating Fano Resonances in a single-waveguide nanobeam cavity for efficient electro-optical modulation

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel silicon nanobeam cavity design that generates Fano resonances without side-coupled waveguides, enabling ultra-compact, high-extinction electro-optical modulators with low energy consumption.

Contribution

It presents a new method for generating Fano resonances in standalone silicon nanobeam cavities, enhancing modulation efficiency and reducing device complexity.

Findings

Achieved up to 23 dB extinction ratio in experiments.

Demonstrated sharp Fano resonance lineshapes with high Q-factors.

Proposed low-energy plasma dispersion-based modulation scheme.

Abstract

We propose a method for generating Fano resonance in a standalone silicon nanobeam cavity which eliminates the inconvenience from the unexpected side-coupled bus waveguide and unlocks new opportunities to develop ultra-compact and ultra-fast electro-optical modulators.. Taking advantage from a spatial-division multiplexing principle of operation between transverse electric modes, a sharp resonant mode and an efficient flat background mode are simultaneously generated in the same silicon channel for the realization of efficient Fano resonances. Unambiguous asymmetric spectrum lineshapes are thoroughly investigated using numerical and analytical methods and experimentally demonstrated in the near infra-red around lambda=1.55{\mu}m, presenting an extinction ratio of about 17dB for a delta lambda =56 pm wavelength detuning for the 1st cavity mode (Q-factor Q=34000), and higher than 23 dB extinction ratio for a delta lambda=366 pm detuning for the 2nd cavity mode (Q=5600). These extinction ratios are 10~15 dB larger than their Lorentzian counterparts exhibiting similar Q factors. Silicon Fano modulation based on plasma dispersion effect is proposed, for which an energy consumption as low as few fJ/bit is estimated. Fano cavity scheme addressed in this paper presents a great potential for low power consumption silicon optical modulators and provides anew insight to the advantages of Fano resonances for optical modulation schemes.