Constraining unintegrated gluon distributions from inclusive photon production in proton-proton collisions at the LHC

TL;DR

This paper calculates photon production in proton-proton collisions at the LHC using the Color Glass Condensate framework, highlighting the importance of the NLO contribution and its sensitivity to unintegrated gluon distributions at small-x.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed NLO analysis of inclusive photon production in the dilute-dense CGC framework, emphasizing the violation of $k_ot$-factorization at small-x.

Findings

NLO contribution dominates at small-x

Up to 10% cross section modification at low photon transverse momentum

Predictions for photon cross sections up to 20 GeV at the LHC

Abstract

We compute the leading order (LO) $qg\to q \gamma$ and next-to-leading order (NLO) $gg\to q{\bar q} \gamma$ contributions to inclusive photon production in proton-proton (p+p) collisions at the LHC. These channels provide the dominant contribution at LO and NLO for photon transverse momenta $k_{\gamma\perp}$ corresponding to momentum fractions of $x\leq 0.01$ in the colliding protons. Our computations, performed in the dilute-dense framework of the Color Glass Condensate effective field theory (CGC EFT), show that the NLO contribution dominates at small-$x$ because it is sensitive to $k_\perp$-dependent unintegrated gluon distributions in both of the protons. We predict a maximal $10\%$ modification of the cross section at low $k_{\gamma\perp}$ as a direct consequence of the violation of $k_\perp$-factorization. The coherence effects responsible for this modification are enhanced in nuclei and can be identified from inclusive photon measurements in proton-nucleus collisions. We provide numerical results for the isolated inclusive photon cross section for $k_{\gamma\perp}\leq 20$ GeV in p+p collisions that can be tested in the future at the LHC.