X-ray photodesorption from water ice in protoplanetary disks and X-ray dominated regions

TL;DR

This study experimentally investigates X-ray photodesorption from water ice, revealing efficient neutral water desorption with potential implications for astrochemical models of protoplanetary disks and X-ray dominated regions.

Contribution

First experimental measurement of X-ray photodesorption yields for water ice, providing data for astrochemical modeling of space environments.

Findings

Neutral water desorption is efficient under X-ray irradiation.

Ion desorption from water ice is minor during X-ray exposure.

Derived yields can be incorporated into astrochemical models.

Abstract

Water is the main constituent of interstellar ices, and it plays a key role in the evolution of many regions of the interstellar medium, from molecular clouds to planet-forming disks. In cold regions of the ISM, water is expected to be completely frozen out onto the dust grains. Nonetheless, observations indicate the presence of cold water vapor, implying that non-thermal desorption mechanisms are at play. Photodesorption by UV photons has been proposed to explain these observations, with the support of extensive experimental and theoretical work on ice analogues. In contrast, photodesorption by X-rays, another viable mechanism, has been little studied. The potential of this process to desorb key molecules, such as water, intact rather than fragmented or ionised, remains unexplored. We experimentally investigated X-ray photodesorption from water ice, monitoring all desorbing species. We find that desorption of neutral water is efficient, while ion desorption is minor. We derive for the first time yields that can be implemented in astrochemical models. These results open up the possibility of taking into account the X-ray photodesorption process in the modelling of protoplanetary disks or X-ray dominated regions.