FHIRChain: Applying Blockchain to Securely and Scalably Share Clinical Data

TL;DR

This paper introduces FHIRChain, a blockchain-based architecture that enhances secure, scalable, and interoperable clinical data sharing, addressing current siloed systems and supporting collaborative decision-making in healthcare.

Contribution

The paper presents FHIRChain, a novel blockchain architecture that incorporates HL7 FHIR standards and demonstrates its application in remote cancer care decision-making.

Findings

FHIRChain enables secure data sharing among healthcare providers.

The system supports decentralized authentication and collaboration.

Case study shows improved decision-making in remote cancer care.

Abstract

Secure and scalable data sharing is essential for collaborative clinical decision making. Conventional clinical data efforts are often siloed, however, which creates barriers to efficient information exchange and impedes effective treatment decision made for patients. This paper provides four contributions to the study of applying blockchain technology to clinical data sharing in the context of technical requirements defined in the "Shared Nationwide Interoperability Roadmap" from the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC). First, we analyze the ONC requirements and their implications for blockchain-based systems. Second, we present FHIRChain, which is a blockchain-based architecture designed to meet ONC requirements by encapsulating the HL7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard for shared clinical data. Third, we demonstrate a FHIRChain-based decentralized app using digital health identities to authenticate participants in a case study of collaborative decision making for remote cancer care. Fourth, we highlight key lessons learned from our case study.