Lithium in the Hyades L5 brown dwarf 2MASSJ04183483+2131275

TL;DR

This study measures lithium in the Hyades brown dwarf 2MASSJ04183483+2131275 to refine its mass and age estimates, confirming it as a brown dwarf and providing new constraints on cluster properties.

Contribution

First detection of lithium in the Hyades L5 brown dwarf 2M0418, enabling refined mass and age constraints through spectroscopic analysis.

Findings

Lithium detected with a pseudo equivalent width of 18±4 Å.

Lithium abundance indicates at least 90% preservation of lithium.

Mass estimated between 45-52 Jupiter masses, age between 580-775 Myr.

Abstract

From the luminosity, effective temperature, and age of the Hyades brown dwarf 2MASSJ04183483+2131275 (2M0418), sub-stellar evolutionary models predict a mass in the range 39-55 Jupiter masses (M_Jup) which is insufficient to produce any substantial lithium burning except for the very upper range >53 M_Jup. Our goal is to measure the abundance of lithium in this object, test the consistency between models and observations and refine constraints on the mass and age of the object. We used the 10.4-m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) with its low-dispersion optical spectrograph to obtain ten spectra of 2277s each covering the range 6300-10300 Angstroms with a resolving power of R~500. In the individual spectra, which span several months, we detect persistent unresolved H_alpha in emission with pseudo equivalent widths (pEW) in the range 45-150 Angstroms and absorption lines of various alkalis with the typical strengths found in objects of L5 spectral type. The lithium resonance line at 6707.8 Angstroms is detected with pEW of 18+/-4 Angstroms in 2M0418 (L5). We determine a lithium abundance of log N(Li) = 3.0+/-0.4 dex consistent with a minimum preservation of 90% of this element which confirms 2M0418 as a brown dwarf with a maximum mass of 52 M_Jup. We infer a maximum age for the Hyades of 775 Myr from a comparison with the BHAC15 models. Combining recent results from the literature with our study, we constrain the mass of 2M0418 to 45-52 M_Jup and the age of the cluster to 580-775 Myr (1 sigma) based on the lithium depletion boundary method.