Self-sorting of Bi-dispersed Colloidal Particles near Contact Line of an Evaporating Sessile Droplet

TL;DR

This study explores how substrate heating and particle size influence deposit patterns and self-sorting of mono- and bi-dispersed colloidal particles in evaporating droplets, revealing critical conditions for particle sorting.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of particle self-sorting mechanisms influenced by substrate temperature and particle size ratios, with regime maps for controlled deposition.

Findings

Smaller particles form inner deposits; larger particles form rings.

Higher substrate temperature induces self-pinning and Marangoni flow, affecting deposit morphology.

Self-sorting occurs at specific size ratios and temperatures, enabling controlled particle separation.

Abstract

We investigate deposit patterns and associated morphology formed after the evaporation of an aqueous droplet containing mono- and bi-dispersed colloidal particles. In particular, the combined effect of substrate heating and particle diameter is investigated. We employ high-speed visualization, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to characterize the evaporating droplets, particle motion, and deposit morphology, respectively. In the context of mono-dispersed colloidal particles, an inner deposit and a typical ring form for smaller and larger particles, respectively, on a nonheated surface. At larger substrate temperature, a thin ring with inner deposit forms, explained by the self-pinning of the contact line and advection of the particles from the contact line to the center of the droplet due to Marangoni flow. In the context of bi-dispersed colloidal particles, self-sorting of the colloidal particles within the ring occurs at larger substrate temperature. The smaller particles deposit at the outermost edge as compared to the larger diameter particles and this preferential deposition in a stagnation region near the contact line is due to the spatially-varying height of the liquid-gas interface above the substrate. The sorting occurs at a smaller ratio of the diameter of the smaller and larger particle. At the larger substrate temperature and a larger ratio, the particles do not get sorted and mix into each other. Our measurements show that there exists a critical substrate temperature as well as a diameter ratio in order to achieve the sorting. We propose regime maps on substrate temperature-particle diameter and substrate temperature-diameter ratio plane for mono- and bi-dispersed solutions, respectively.