A simple projective setup to study optical cloaking in the classroom

TL;DR

This paper presents a simple, classroom-friendly optical cloaking setup using lenses, analyzing its effectiveness and limitations through theoretical and experimental methods suitable for undergraduate physics education.

Contribution

It introduces an accessible projective optical cloaking device and provides a detailed analysis of its performance and tolerances for educational purposes.

Findings

Optimal diaphragm position and size for effective cloaking

Performance affected by lens quality and aberrations

Educational experiments demonstrate cloaking feasibility

Abstract

Optical cloaking consists in hiding from sight an object by properly deviating the light that comes from it. An optical cloaking device (OCD) is an artifact that hides the object and, at the same time, its presence is not (or should not be) noticeable for the observer, who will have the impression of being looking through it. At the level of paraxial geometrical optics, suitable for undergraduate courses, simple OCDs can be built by combining a series of lenses. With this motivation, here we present an analysis of a simple projective OCD arrangement. First, a simple theoretical account in terms of the transfer matrix method is provided, and then the outcomes from a series of teaching experiments carried out with this device, easy to conduct in the classroom, are discussed. In particular, the performance of such an OCD is investigated by determining the effect of the hidden object, role here played by the opaque zone of an iris-type diaphragm, on the projected image of an illuminated transparent slide (test object). That is, cloaking is analyzed in terms of the optimal position and opening diameter of a diaphragm that still warrants an almost unaffected projected image. Because the lenses are not high-quality ones, the OCD is not aberration-free, which is advantageously considered to determine acceptable cloaking conditions (i.e., the tolerance of the device).