The Orbit of the new Milky Way Globular Cluster FSR1716 = VVV-GC05

TL;DR

This study uses deep near-infrared imaging and proper motion data to analyze the orbit, stellar population, and tidal features of the Milky Way globular cluster FSR1716, revealing its inner halo orbit and signs of tidal disruption.

Contribution

First measurement of the orbit of FSR1716 using combined radial velocities and proper motions, confirming its status as an inner halo globular cluster with tidal features.

Findings

FSR1716 is an Oosterhoff I globular cluster with Pab = 0.574 days.

Detected tidal extensions indicating possible star loss.

Orbit confined within |Zmax| < 2.0 kpc, with moderate eccentricity.

Abstract

We use deep multi-epoch near-IR images of the VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV) Survey to measure proper motions (PMs) of stars in the Milky Way globular cluster FSR1716 = VVV-GC05. The color-magnitude diagram of this object, made using PM selected members, shows an extended horizontal branch, nine confirmed RR Lyrae members in the instability strip, and possibly several hotter stars extending to the blue. Based on the fundamental-mode (ab-type) RR Lyrae stars that move coherently with the cluster, we confirmed that FSR1716 is an Oosterhoff I globular cluster with a mean period Pab = 0.574 days. Intriguingly, we detect tidal extensions to both sides of this cluster in the spatial distribution of PM selected member stars. Also, one of the confirmed RRabs is located 11 arcmin in projection from the cluster center, suggesting that FSR1716 may be losing stars due to the gravitational interaction with the Galaxy. We also measure radial velocities (RVs) for five cluster red giants selected using the PMs. The combination of RVs and PMs allow us to compute for the first time the orbit of this globular cluster, using an updated Galactic potential. The orbit results to be confined within |Zmax | < 2.0 kpc, and has eccentricity 0.4 < e < 0.6, with perigalactic distance 1.5 < Rperi (kpc) < 2.3, and apogalactic distance 5.3 < Rapo (kpc) < 6.4. We conclude that, in agreement with its relatively low metallicity ([Fe/H]= -1.4 dex), this is an inner halo globular cluster plunging into the disk of the Galaxy. As such, this is a unique object to test the dynamical processes that contribute to the disruption of Galactic globular clusters.