Exact Master Equation and General Non-Markovian Dynamics in Open Quantum Systems

TL;DR

This paper derives an exact master equation to explore non-Markovian dynamics in open quantum systems, revealing complex decoherence behaviors relevant for quantum thermodynamics and information technology.

Contribution

It provides a rigorous derivation of the exact master equation and systematically explores non-Markovian processes in open quantum systems, advancing understanding beyond Markovian approximations.

Findings

Revealed complex decoherence phenomena in non-Markovian dynamics

Demonstrated the importance of memory effects in quantum system relaxation

Provided a framework for analyzing non-Markovian behavior in various systems

Abstract

Investigations of quantum and mesoscopic thermodynamics force one to answer two fundamental questions associated with the foundations of statistical mechanics: (i) how does macroscopic irreversibility emerge from microscopic reversibility? (ii) how does the system relax in general to thermal equilibrium with its environment? The answers to these questions rely on a deep understanding of nonequilibrium dynamics of systems interacting with their environments. Decoherence is also a main concern in developing quantum information technology. In the past two decades, many theoretical and experimental investigations have devoted to this topic, most of these investigations take the Markov (memory-less) approximation. These investigations have provided a partial understanding to several fundamental issues, such as quantum measurement and the quantum-to-classical transition, etc. However, experimental implementations of nanoscale solid-state quantum information processing makes strong non-Markovian memory effects unavoidable, thus rendering their study a pressing and vital issue. Through the rigorous derivation of the exact master equation and a systematical exploration of various non-Markovian processes for a large class of open quantum systems, we find that decoherence manifests unexpected complexities. We demonstrate these general non-Markovian dynamics manifested in different open quantum systems.