Energy scale calibration and drift correction of the X-IFU

TL;DR

This paper discusses calibration and drift correction techniques for the X-IFU instrument, ensuring high energy resolution and accuracy in space-based X-ray spectroscopy through simulation and multi-parameter gain correction methods.

Contribution

It introduces a multi-parameter gain correction method for the X-IFU that effectively compensates for environmental variations, maintaining energy scale accuracy within 0.4 eV.

Findings

Multi-parameter correction recovers gain variations within 0.4 eV.

Simulation shows effective correction of systematic effects.

Optimized techniques improve calibration accuracy.

Abstract

The Athena X-Ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) will provide spatially resolved high-resolution spectroscopy (2.5 eV FWHM up to 7 keV) over the 0.2 to 12 keV energy band. It will comprise an array of 3840 superconducting Transition Edge Sensors (TESs) operated at 90 mK, with an absolute energy scale accuracy of 0.4 eV. Slight changes in the TES operating environment can cause significant variations in its energy response function, which may result in degradation of the detector's energy resolution, and eventually in systematic errors in the absolute energy scale if not properly corrected. These changes will be monitored via an onboard Modulated X-ray Source (MXS) and the energy scale will be corrected accordingly using a multi-parameter interpolation of gain curves obtained during ground calibration. Assuming realistic MXS configurations and using the instrument end-to-end simulator SIXTE, we investigate here both statistical and systematic effects on the X-IFU energy scale, occurring either during ground measurements or in-flight. The corresponding impacts on the energy resolution and means of accounting for these errors are also addressed. We notably demonstrate that a multi-parameter gain correction, using both the pulse-height estimate and the baseline of a pulse, can accurately recover systematic effects on the gain due to realistic changes in TES operating conditions within 0.4 eV. Optimisations of this technique with respect to the MXS line configuration and correction time, as well as to the energy scale parametrization are also show promising results to improve the accuracy of the correction.