Searching for BPS Vortices with Nonzero Stress Tensor in Generalized Born-Infeld-Higgs Model

TL;DR

This paper derives new BPS equations for vortices with nonzero stress tensor in a generalized Born-Infeld-Higgs model using the BPS Lagrangian method, analyzes their properties, and discusses potential resolutions for boundary issues.

Contribution

It extends the BPS Lagrangian method to include nonzero stress tensor components in vortex solutions within the Born-Infeld-Higgs framework, providing new equations and insights.

Findings

Total static energy is finite if potential V< 2b^2.

Diagonal spatial components of energy-momentum tensor are nonzero.

Numerical solutions show fields are well-behaved at origin but diverge at boundary.

Abstract

In this article we show that the new BPS equations for vortices, with nonzero diagonal components of the stress tensor, obtained in \cite{Atmaja:2015lia} for the generalized Maxwell-Higgs model can also be derived using the BPS Lagrangian method developed in \cite{Atmaja:2015umo}. We add into the original BPS Lagrangian $L_{BPS}=\int dQ$, which is a total derivative term, two additional terms that are proportional to square of the first-derivative of scalar effective field, $f'(r)^2$, and to a function that depends only on the scalar effective field. These additional terms produce additional constraint equations coming from Euler-Lagrange equations of the BPS Lagrangian. We apply this procedure for the generalized Born-Infeld-Higgs model and show that the total static energy, for the corresponding BPS equations, is finite if the scalar potential $V< 2b^2$, with $b$ is the Born-Infeld parameter. We also compute the energy-momentum tensor and show that its diagonal spatial components in radial and angular directions are nonzero. Furthermore we show that the conservation of energy-momentum does not produce new constraint equation. We do the numerical analysis and found that for a large class of solutions the scalar and gauge effective fields, $f(r)$ and $a(r)$, behave nicely near the origin, but unfortunately they are infinite near the boundary. We suggest that incorporate gravity into the action might resolve this problem and other resolution is by considering BPS vortex in higher dimensional models. We also suggest that the BPS Lagrangian method could be used to find BPS equations for other solitons with nonzero stress tensor.