A Fixed-Target Programme at the LHC: Physics Case and Projected Performances for Heavy-Ion, Hadron, Spin and Astroparticle Studies

TL;DR

This paper discusses the scientific motivations, technical implementations, and expected performance of a fixed-target program at the LHC, aiming to advance research in heavy-ion, hadron, spin, and astroparticle physics.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of the physics case, technical options, and potential detector uses for a new fixed-target experimental setup at the LHC.

Findings

Detailed analysis of technical implementations including wire targets and bent crystal extraction.

Projected performance metrics for various physics studies at the LHC fixed-target mode.

Assessment of detector capabilities like ALICE and LHCb in the fixed-target configuration.

Abstract

We review the context, the motivations and the expected performances of a comprehensive and ambitious fixed-target program using the multi-TeV proton and ion LHC beams. We also provide a detailed account of the different possible technical implementations ranging from an internal wire target to a full dedicated beam line extracted with a bent crystal. The possibilities offered by the use of the ALICE and LHCb detectors in the fixed-target mode are also reviewed.