Inside a Beehive: the Multiple Merging Processes in the Galaxy Cluster Abell 2142
Ang Liu, Heng Yu, Antonaldo Diaferio, Paolo Tozzi, Ho Seong Hwang,, Keiichi Umetsu, Nobuhiro Okabe, Li-Lan Yang

TL;DR
This study investigates the complex dynamics of galaxy cluster A2142 by combining spectroscopic, X-ray, and lensing data, revealing multiple minor mergers and gas motions consistent with core sloshing.
Contribution
It introduces a comprehensive multi-method analysis of A2142, identifying substructures, gas rings, and their velocities, providing new insights into cluster merger processes.
Findings
Identification of 868 cluster members and substructures.
Detection of gas rings with significant velocity offsets.
Evidence supporting core sloshing without recent major mergers.
Abstract
To investigate the dynamics of the galaxy cluster A2142, we compile an extended catalog of 2239 spectroscopic redshifts of sources, including newly measured 237 redshifts, within 30 arcmin from the cluster center. With the -plateau algorithm from the caustic method, we identify 868 members and a number of substructures in the galaxy distribution both in the outskirts, out to 3.5 Mpc from the cluster center, and in the central region. In the outskirts, one substructure overlaps a falling clump of gas previously identified in the X-ray band. These substructures suggests the presence of multiple minor mergers, which are responsible for the complex dynamics of A2142, and the absence of recent or ongoing major mergers. We show that the distribution of the galaxies in the cluster core and in several substructures are consistent with the mass distribution inferred from the weak…
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