Tunable spin-orbit coupling and magnetic superstripe phase in a BEC

TL;DR

This paper proposes a scheme to create a robust magnetic superstripe phase in a spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate, enabling direct observation and exploration of exotic supersolid-like quantum states with tunable properties.

Contribution

The authors introduce a method to generate a stable, tunable magnetic superstripe phase in a BEC using Raman coupling and spin-dependent interactions, overcoming previous experimental challenges.

Findings

Achieved a long-period, high-visibility superstripe phase

Demonstrated tunable spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman fields

Provided a platform for exploring exotic quantum phases

Abstract

Superstripe phases in Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), possessing both crystalline structure and superfluidity, opens a new avenue for exploring exotic quantum matters---supersolids. However, conclusive detection and further exploration of a superstripe is still challenging in experiments because of its short period, low visibility, fragility against magnetic field fluctuation or short lifetime. Here we propose a scheme in a spin-orbit coupled BEC which overcomes these obstacles and generates a robust magnetic superstripe phase, with only spin (no total) density modulation due to the magnetic translational symmetry, ready for direct real-space observation. In the scheme, two hyperfine spin states are individually Raman coupled with a largely-detuned third state, which induce a momentum-space separation between two lower band dispersions, yielding an effective spin-1/2 system with tunable spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman fields. Without effective Zeeman fields, spin-dependent interaction dominates, yielding a magnetic superstripe phase with a long tunable period and high visibility. Our scheme provides a platform for observing and exploring exotic properties of superstripe phases as well as novel physics with tunable spin-orbit coupling.