Solitons in a chain of charge-parity-symmetric dimers

TL;DR

This paper investigates discrete solitons in a charge-parity symmetric array of dual-core waveguides with active coupling, revealing multiple stable and unstable soliton families through analytical and numerical methods.

Contribution

It introduces a novel optical model emulating charge-parity symmetry and analyzes the existence and stability of discrete solitons in this non-Hermitian system.

Findings

Multiple soliton families exist in the semi-infinite and finite band gaps.

Some soliton branches are stable, others develop oscillatory instabilities.

The system's parameters allow experimental control over soliton stability.

Abstract

We consider an array of dual-core waveguides, which represent an optical realization of a chain of dimers, with an active (gain-loss) coupling between the cores, opposite signs of discrete diffraction in the parallel arrays, and a phase-velocity mismatch between them (which is necessary for the stability of the system). The array provides an optical emulation of the charge-parity ($\mathcal{CP}$) symmetry. The addition of the intracore cubic nonlinearity gives rise to several species of fundamental discrete solitons, which exist in continuous families, although the system is non-Hermitian. The existence and stability of the soliton families are explored by means of analytical and numerical methods. An asymptotic analysis is presented for the case of weak intersite coupling (i.e., near the anticontinuum limit), as well as weak coupling between cores in each dimer. Several families of fundamental discrete solitons are found in the semi-infinite gap of the system's spectrum, that have no counterparts in the continuum limit, as well as a branch which belongs to the finite band gap and carries over into a family of stable gap solitons in that limit. One branch develops an oscillatory instability above a critical strength of the intersite coupling, others being stable in their entire existence regions. Unlike solitons in conservative lattices, which are controlled solely by the strength of the intersite coupling, here fundamental-soliton families have several control parameters, one of which, viz., the coefficient of the intercore coupling in the active host medium, may be readily adjusted in the experiment by varying the gain applied to the medium.