Second Newtonian branch of salt-free aqueous xanthan solutions

TL;DR

This study reveals a second Newtonian branch in salt-free aqueous xanthan solutions at high shear rates, showing different regimes with scaling laws and behaviors akin to nematic liquid crystals or flexible polymers.

Contribution

It uncovers a second Newtonian branch in xanthan solutions and characterizes the shear rate-dependent regimes with distinct scaling laws and stress behaviors.

Findings

Identification of a second Newtonian branch at high shear rates.

Different scaling regimes depending on xanthan concentration.

Normal stress differences suggest nematic or flexible polymer behavior.

Abstract

We study aqueous xanthan solutions at shear rates up to about 105 s-1. At these shear rates, the salt-free solutions show a second Newtonian branch. Depending on the xanthan concentration, we find two different regimes with scaling laws well-known for the zero viscosity of dilute and semidilute particle solutions: The crossover concentration is considerably higher than in the first Newtonian branch, which can be related to the orientation of the polyelectrolytes. In the second regime, the normal stress differences increase with an exponent of about 1, indicating that the polymer solution behaves like nematic liquid crystals or rigid fiber suspensions. In the first regime, the exponent is smaller suggesting that the polyelectrolytes behave more flexible