Filament flexibility enhances power transduction of F-actin bundles

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that filament flexibility in actin bundles improves force transduction by enabling better work sharing among filaments, with distinct regimes identified based on bundle length affecting force-velocity behavior.

Contribution

It introduces a generalized Brownian Ratchet model treating filaments as semi-flexible chains, revealing how flexibility enhances force sharing and alters dynamic regimes.

Findings

Flexibility increases the load-velocity curve slope.

A critical length marks the transition from rigid to flexible regimes.

Unstable regimes involve lateral filament escape, limiting force sharing.

Abstract

The dynamic behavior of bundles of actin filaments growing against a loaded obstacle is investigated through a generalized version of the standard multi filaments Brownian Ratchet model in which the (de)polymerizing filaments are treated not as rigid rods but as semi-flexible discrete wormlike chains with a realistic value of the persistence length. By stochastic dynamic simulations we study the relaxation of a bundle of $N_f$ filaments with staggered seed arrangement against a harmonic trap load in supercritical conditions. Thanks to the time scale separation between the wall motion and the filament size relaxation, mimiking realistic conditions, this set-up allows us to extract a full load-velocity curve from a single experiment over the trap force/size range explored. We observe a systematic evolution of steady non-equilibrium states over three regimes of bundle lengths $L$. A first threshold length $\Lambda$ marks the transition between the rigid dynamic regime ($L<\Lambda$), characterized by the usual rigid filament load-velocity relationship $V(F)$, and the flexible dynamic regime ($L>\Lambda$), where the velocity $V(F,L)$ is an increasing function of the bundle length $L$ at fixed load $F$, the enhancement being the result of an improved level of work sharing among the filaments induced by flexibility. A second critical length corresponds to the beginning of an unstable regime characterized by a high probability to develop escaping filaments which start growing laterally and thus do not participate anymore to the generation of the polymerization force. This phenomenon prevents the bundle from reaching at this critical length the limit behavior corresponding to Perfect Load Sharing.