Laterally confined photonic crystal surface emitting laser based on monolayer tungsten disulfide operating at room temperature

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a room-temperature, highly directional photonic crystal surface emitting laser using monolayer tungsten disulfide, with a novel heterostructure cavity design for lateral confinement and high quality factor.

Contribution

It introduces a new laser architecture combining monolayer WS2 with a heterostructure photonic crystal cavity for efficient room-temperature operation.

Findings

Achieved continuous wave lasing at room temperature.

Demonstrated highly directional emission near surface normal.

Realized integration of monolayer WS2 on silicon nitride photonic crystal.

Abstract

We report a photonic crystal surface emitting laser using monolayer tungsten disulfide as the gain medium. The cavity design utilizes a heterostructure in the photonic crystal lattice to provide lateral confinement for a high quality factor with a compact active region. Room temperature continuous wave lasing is realized after integrating monolayer tungsten disulfide flakes onto the silicon nitride photonic crystal on quartz substrate. Highly directional, near surface normal emission has also been experimentally demonstrated.