Engineering cryogenic setups for 100-qubit scale superconducting circuit systems

TL;DR

This paper presents the design and validation of an extensible cryogenic setup optimized for large-scale superconducting quantum processors, focusing on minimizing heat loads and ensuring efficient qubit control and readout.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive cryogenic infrastructure design with validated thermal management strategies for scalable quantum computing systems.

Findings

Passive heat load measurements validate the design.

Active signal dissipation is effectively managed.

The setup supports rapid qubit control and readout.

Abstract

A robust cryogenic infrastructure in form of a wired, thermally optimized dilution refrigerator is essential for present and future solid-state based quantum processors. Here, we engineer an extensible cryogenic setup, which minimizes passive and active heat loads, while guaranteeing rapid qubit control and readout. We review design criteria for qubit drive lines, flux lines, and output lines used in typical experiments with superconducting circuits and describe each type of line in detail. The passive heat load of stainless steel and NbTi coaxial cables and the active load due to signal dissipation are measured, validating our robust and extensible concept for thermal anchoring of attenuators, cables, and other microwave components. Our results are important for managing the heat budget of future large-scale quantum computers based on superconducting circuits.