PATRICIA bridges

TL;DR

This paper explores PATRICIA trees derived from infinite binary words, revealing their connection to Rémy's uniform binary tree process and characterizing their infinite bridges.

Contribution

It establishes the equivalence of PATRICIA chain infinite bridges with those of Rémy's chain, extending known characterizations to infinite binary words.

Findings

PATRICIA chains share transition probabilities with Rémy's chain.

Infinite bridges of PATRICIA chains coincide with those of Rémy's chain.

Characterization of infinite bridges is extended to infinite binary words.

Abstract

A radix sort tree arises when storing distinct infinite binary words in the leaves of a binary tree such that for any two words their common prefixes coincide with the common prefixes of the corresponding two leaves. If one deletes the out-degree $1$ vertices in the radix sort tree and "closes up the gaps", then the resulting PATRICIA tree maintains all the information that is necessary for sorting the infinite words into lexicographic order. We investigate the PATRICIA chains -- the tree-valued Markov chains that arise when successively building the PATRICIA trees for the collection of infinite binary words $Z_1,\ldots, Z_n$, $n=1,2,\ldots$, where the source words $Z_1, Z_2,\ldots$ are independent and have a common diffuse distribution on $\{0,1\}^\infty$. It turns out that the PATRICIA chains share a common collection of backward transition probabilities and that these are the same as those of a chain introduced by R\'emy for successively generating uniform random binary trees with larger and larger numbers of leaves. This means that the infinite bridges of any PATRICIA chain (that is, the chains obtained by conditioning a PATRICIA chain on its remote future) coincide with the infinite bridges of the R\'emy chain. The infinite bridges of the R\'emy chain are characterized concretely in Evans, Gr\"ubel, and Wakolbinger 2017 and we recall that characterization here while adding some details and clarifications.