Pricing Schemes for Energy-Efficient HPC Systems: Design and Exploration

TL;DR

This paper investigates pricing schemes for energy-efficient HPC systems, analyzing how frequency scaling impacts energy consumption and costs, and explores economic viability and design options for sustainable high-performance computing.

Contribution

It introduces a parametrized model for analyzing frequency scaling effects and evaluates four pricing schemes to promote energy-conscious resource usage in HPC.

Findings

Frequency scaling can reduce energy costs significantly.

Certain pricing schemes incentivize energy-efficient usage.

Design space exploration identifies optimal strategies for future HPC systems.

Abstract

Energy efficiency is of paramount importance for the sustainability of HPC systems. Energy consumption limits the peak performance of supercomputers and accounts for a large share of total cost of ownership. Consequently, system owners and final users have started exploring mechanisms to trade off performance for power consumption, for example through frequency and voltage scaling. However, only a limited number of studies have been devoted to explore the economic viability of performance scaling solutions and to devise pricing mechanisms fostering a more energy-conscious usage of resources, without adversely impacting return-of-investment on the HPC facility. We present a parametrized model to analyze the impact of frequency scaling on energy and to assess the potential total cost benefits for the HPC facility and the user. We evaluate four pricing schemes, considering both facility manager and the user perspectives. We then perform a design space exploration considering current and near-future HPC systems and technologies.