Generation of large-bandwidth x-ray free electron laser with Evolutionary Many-Objective Optimization Algorithm

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel multi-objective genetic algorithm approach to optimize over-compression in XFELs, achieving a broad 4.6% bandwidth for the Shanghai soft X-ray FEL, enhancing its spectral capabilities.

Contribution

It applies a many-objective optimization algorithm to XFEL beam dynamics, addressing transverse misalignment and over-compression for the first time.

Findings

Achieved 4.6% bandwidth in simulations.

Optimized over-compression working point.

Improved beam quality with beam yaw correction.

Abstract

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) are cutting-edge scientific instruments for a wide range of disciplines. Conventionally, the narrow bandwidth is pursued in an XFEL. However, in recent years, the large-bandwidth XFEL operation schemes are proposed for X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography, in which over-compression is a promising scheme to produce broad-bandwidth XFEL pulses through increasing the electron beam energy chirp. In this paper, combining with the beam yaw correction to overcome the transverse slice misalignment caused by the coherent synchrotron radiation, finding out the over-compression working point of the linac is treated as a many-objective (having four or more objectives) optimization problem, thus the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm III is applied to the beam dynamic optimization for the first time. Start-to-end simulations demonstrate a full bandwidth of 4.6% for Shanghai soft x-ray free-electron laser user facility.