Relevance of the fluorescence radiation in VHE gamma-ray observations with the Cherenkov technique

TL;DR

This study quantifies the contribution of atmospheric fluorescence to signals in Cherenkov gamma-ray observations, revealing it is negligible near the impact point but significant at larger distances, especially for high-energy showers.

Contribution

The paper introduces a detailed simulation of fluorescence light production and tracking in Cherenkov telescope observations, highlighting its importance at various distances and energies.

Findings

Fluorescence contamination is negligible within 200 m of impact point.

At 1000 m, fluorescence contributes about 5% in IACTs.

Wide-angle detectors record around 45% fluorescence at PeV energies.

Abstract

Atmospheric fluorescence is usually neglected in the reconstruction of the signals registered by Cherenkov telescopes, both IACTs and wide-angle detector arrays. In this paper we quantify the fluorescence contribution to the total light recorded in typical observational configurations. To this end we have implemented the production and tracking of fluorescence light in the CORSIKA code. Both the Cherenkov and fluorescence light distributions on ground (2200 m a.s.l.) have been simulated for gamma-ray showers in a wide energy range ($10^{-1} - 10^3$ TeV). The relative fluorescence contribution has been evaluated as a function of the shower energy and zenith angle. Our results indicate that at distances from the impact point smaller than 200 m the fluorescence contamination is negligible in both types of telescopes. However, at about 1000 m, the contamination in IACTs is around 5%. At these core distances, the signals recorded by wide-angle detectors contain around 45% of atmospheric fluorescence in the PeV region.