Mechanism of flame acceleration and detonation transition from the interaction of a supersonic turbulent flame with an obstruction

TL;DR

This study investigates how turbulent flames accelerate and transition to detonation when interacting with obstacles, revealing that shock reflection enhances turbulent burning rates leading to detonation, primarily driven by increased turbulent combustion rather than auto-ignition.

Contribution

It provides experimental and numerical insights into the mechanism of flame acceleration and detonation transition caused by shock-flame interactions with obstacles.

Findings

Shock reflection enhances turbulent burning rate.

Flame velocity approaches the speed of sound, amplifying shocks.

Detonation occurs in regions with non-planar internal shocks.

Abstract

The present paper seeks to determine the mechanism of flame acceleration and transition to detonation when a turbulent flame preceded by a shock interacts with a single obstruction in its path, taken as a cylindrical obstacle or a wall in the present study. The problem is addressed experimentally in a mixture of propane-oxygen at sub-atmospheric conditions. The turbulent flame was generated by passing a detonation wave through a perforated plate, yielding flames with turbulent burning velocities 10 to 20 larger than the laminar values and incident shock Mach numbers ranging between 2 and 2.5. Time resolved schlieren videos recorded at approximately 100 kHz and numerical reconstruction of the flow field permitted to determine the mechanism of flame acceleration and transition to detonation. It was found to be the enhancement of the turbulent burning rate of the flame through its interaction with the shock reflection on the obstacle. The amplification of the burning rate was found to drive the flame burning velocity close to the speed of sound with respect to the fresh gases, resulting in the amplification of a shock in front of the flame. The acceleration through this regime resulted in the strengthening of this shock. Detonation was observed in regions of non-planarity of this internal shock, inherited by the irregular shape of the turbulent flame itself. Auto-ignition at early times of this process was found to be negligibly slow compared with the flow evolution time scale in the problem investigated, suggesting that the relevant time scale is primarily associated with the increase in turbulent burning rate by the interaction with reflected shocks.