The impact of the electric field on superconductivity in the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory

TL;DR

This paper explores how electric fields influence superconductivity, showing that electric fields can induce Cooper pair condensation above the critical temperature, potentially increasing the critical temperature.

Contribution

It demonstrates, through numerical solutions of time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations, that electric fields can promote Cooper pair Bose condensation above the critical temperature.

Findings

Electric fields penetrate and affect Cooper pairs in superconductors.

Electric fields can induce Bose condensation of Cooper pairs above Tc.

Potential new experimental methods to verify fermion pairing before superconductivity.

Abstract

In this letter, we address the impact of the electric field on superconductors which are insulators in the normal state, superconducting semiconductors at low carrier concentration and ultracold gas of fermions in the strongly interacting regime. The electric field penetrates these systems and affects on the Cooper pairs. We show that if there are Cooper pairs above the superconductor critical temperature the electric field forces the Cooper pairs to Bose condensate and the onset of the superconductivity, thereby increasing the critical temperature. To study this phenomenon we numerically solve the Maxwell equations for s-wave superconductors obtained from the time-dependent Ginsburg-Landau theory. Our investigation paves a new experimental way for verification of the pairing of fermions preceding superconductivity and superfluidity.