Generalized quantification of three-dimensional resolution in optical diffraction tomography using the projection of maximal spatial bandwidths

TL;DR

This paper introduces a systematic method to quantify the three-dimensional spatial resolution of optical diffraction tomography across arbitrary directions, enhancing understanding of its imaging capabilities for diverse applications.

Contribution

It develops a generalized approach to quantify 3D resolution in ODT using spatial bandwidth projection, applicable to various system configurations and arbitrary slicing angles.

Findings

Validated the method with experimental PSF measurements.

Provided resolution estimates for different ODT system types.

Established a criterion for the finest 3D structures accessible by ODT.

Abstract

Optical diffraction tomography (ODT) is a three-dimensional (3D) quantitative phase imaging technique, which enables the reconstruction of the 3D refractive index (RI) distribution of a transparent sample. Due to its fast, non-invasive, and quantitative 3D imaging capability, ODT has emerged as one of the most powerful tools for various applications. However, the spatial resolution of ODT has only been quantified along the lateral and axial directions for limited conditions; it has not been investigated for arbitrary-oblique directions. In this paper, we systematically quantify the 3D spatial resolution of ODT by exploiting the spatial bandwidth of the reconstructed scattering potential. The 3D spatial resolution is calculated for various types of ODT systems, including the illumination-scanning, sample-rotation, and hybrid scanning-rotation methods. In particular, using the calculated 3D spatial resolution, we provide the spatial resolution as well as the arbitrary sliced angle. Furthermore, to validate the present method, the point spread function of an ODT system is experimentally obtained using the deconvolution of a 3D RI distribution of a microsphere and is compared with the calculated resolution. The present method for defining spatial resolution in ODT is directly applicable for various 3D microscopic techniques, providing a solid criterion for the accessible finest 3D structures.