Operation of a ferromagnetic axion haloscope at $m_a=58\,\mu$eV

TL;DR

This paper reports the operation of a ferromagnetic axion haloscope targeting 58 μeV axions, setting new experimental limits on axion-electron coupling and demonstrating a novel detection approach using a magnetized sample.

Contribution

It introduces the first experimental operation of a ferromagnetic haloscope for axion detection at this mass, utilizing axion-electron coupling in a resonant setup.

Findings

Set an upper limit on axion-electron coupling constant $g_{aee}<4.9\times10^{-10}$ at 58 μeV

Demonstrated operation of a prototype ferromagnetic haloscope

First experimental result exploiting axion-electron coupling

Abstract

Axions, originally proposed to solve the strong CP problem of quantum chromodynamics, emerge now as leading candidates of WISP dark matter. The rich phenomenology associated to the light and stable QCD axion can be described as an effective magnetic field that can be experimentally investigated. For the QUAX experiment, dark matter axions are searched by means of their resonant interactions with electronic spins in a magnetized sample. In principle, axion-induced magnetization changes can be detected by embedding a sample in an rf cavity in a static magnetic field. In this work we describe the operation of a prototype ferromagnetic haloscope, with a sensitivity limited by thermal fluctuations and receiver noise. With a preliminary dark matter search, we are able to set an upper limit on the coupling constant of DFSZ axions to electrons $g_{aee}<4.9\times10^{-10}$ at 95\% C.L. for a mass of $58\,\mu$eV (i.\,e. 14\,GHz). This is the first experimental result with an apparatus exploiting the coupling between cosmological axions and electrons.