Momentum dependence of pion-induced $\phi$ meson production on nuclei near threshold

TL;DR

This study models near-threshold pion-induced $$ meson production on nuclei, analyzing how the process depends on momentum, nuclear effects, and absorption cross sections, with implications for interpreting HADES experiment data.

Contribution

It provides a detailed collision model including primary and secondary production channels, nuclear potentials, and in-medium effects, to interpret pion-induced $$ production data.

Findings

Primary $^- p $ channel dominates $$ production at 1.7 GeV/c.

Transparency ratio is sensitive to $ N$ absorption cross section.

In-medium mass shifts have negligible effect on the transparency ratio.

Abstract

We study the near-threshold pion-induced production of $\phi$ mesons off nuclei in the kinematical conditions of the HADES experiment, recently performed at GSI. The calculations have been performed within a collision model based on the nuclear spectral function. The model accounts for both the primary $\pi^-$ meson--proton ${\pi^-}p \to {\phi}n$ and the secondary pion--nucleon ${\pi}N \to {\phi}N$ $\phi$ production processes as well as the effects of the nuclear $\phi$ and nucleon mean-field potentials. We find that the primary reaction channel ${\pi^-}p \to {\phi}n$ dominates in the $\phi$ production off $^{12}$C and $^{184}$W target nuclei in the HADES acceptance window at incident pion momentum of 1.7 GeV/c. We calculate the momentum dependence of the absolute and relative (transparency ratio) $\phi$ meson yields from the above direct channel. The calculations have been performed for this initial pion momentum allowing for different options for the ${\phi}N$ absorption cross section $\sigma_{{\phi}N}$ and different scenarios for the in-medium mass shifts of the $\phi$ meson and secondary neutron, produced together with $\phi$ in this channel. We demonstrate that the transparency ratio for the $\phi$ mesons has, contrary to the absolute cross sections, an insignificant sensitivity to the $\phi$ meson and secondary neutron in-medium mass shifts at $\phi$ momenta studied in the HADES experiment. On the other hand, we show that there are measurable changes in the transparency ratio due to the ${\phi}N$ absorption cross section, which means that such relative observable can be useful to help determine this cross section from the data taken in the HADES experiment.