$\boldsymbol{\eta}$-$\boldsymbol{^4{\rm He}}$ interaction from the $\boldsymbol{d d \to \eta ^4{\rm He}}$ reaction near threshold

TL;DR

This paper investigates the possibility of eta-4He bound states by analyzing near-threshold dd to eta-4He reactions using an optical potential framework, finding no bound states but observing a bump in the scattering amplitude.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach using the eta-4He optical potential and the Bethe-Salpeter equation to analyze experimental data for eta-4He interactions.

Findings

No bound eta-4He states are supported under theoretical constraints.

A bump structure is observed in the scattering amplitude below threshold.

The optical potential approach provides insights into eta-4He interactions near threshold.

Abstract

We analyze the data on the total cross sections for the $dd \to \eta{}^4{\rm He}$ reaction close to threshold and look for possible $\eta ^4 {\rm He}$ bound states. We develop a framework in which the $\eta ^4{\rm He}$ optical potential is the key ingredient, rather than parameterizing the scattering matrix, as is usually done. The strength of this potential, together with some production parameters, are fitted to the available experimental data. The relationship of the scattering matrix to the optical potential is established using the Bethe-Salpeter equation and the $\eta ^4{\rm He}$ loop function incorporates the range of the interaction given by the experimental $^4 {\rm He}$ density. However, when we look for poles of the scattering matrix, we get poles in the bound region, poles in the positive energy region or no poles at all. If we further restrict the results with constraints from a theoretical model with all its uncertainties the bound states are not allowed. However, we find a bump structure in $|T|^2$ of the $\eta ^4{\rm He} \to \eta ^4{\rm He}$ amplitude below threshold for the remaining solutions.