Optical skyrmions in evanescent electromagnetic fields

TL;DR

This paper reports the experimental discovery of optical skyrmion lattices created by interfering surface plasmon polaritons, demonstrating their controllability and robustness, with potential applications in optical information technologies.

Contribution

It introduces the first experimental observation of optical skyrmion lattices in evanescent fields, expanding topological defect research into photonic systems.

Findings

Optical skyrmion lattices can be created and controlled easily.

Optical skyrmions are robust to imperfections.

Potential for applications in optical information processing.

Abstract

Topological defects play a key role in a variety of physical systems, ranging from high-energy to solid state physics. They yield fascinating emergent phenomena and serve as a bridge between the microspic and macroscopic world. A skyrmion is a unique type of topological defect, showing great promise for applications in the fields of magnetic storage and spintronics. Here, we discover and observe optical skyrmion lattices that can be easily created and controlled, while illustrating their robustness to imperfections. Optical skyrmions are experimentally demonstrated by interfering surface plasmon polaritons and are measured via phase-resolved near-field optical microscopy. This discovery could give rise to new physical phenomena involving skyrmions and exclusive to photonic systems; open up new possibilities for inducing skyrmions in material systems through light-matter interactions; and enable applications in optical information processing, transfer and storage.