Multi-function Convolutional Neural Networks for Improving Image Classification Performance

TL;DR

This paper introduces Multi-function CNNs (MCNNs) that use different activation functions for individual neurons, significantly increasing the model space and potentially improving image classification accuracy over traditional CNNs.

Contribution

The paper proposes a novel MCNN architecture with neuron-level activation function diversity and demonstrates its effectiveness on handwritten digit and brain MRI classification tasks.

Findings

MCNNs outperform traditional CNNs in classification accuracy

The number of possible MCNNs is exponentially larger than traditional CNNs

MCNNs show promise for complex image classification problems

Abstract

Traditional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) typically use the same activation function (usually ReLU) for all neurons with non-linear mapping operations. For example, the deep convolutional architecture Inception-v4 uses ReLU. To improve the classification performance of traditional CNNs, a new "Multi-function Convolutional Neural Network" (MCNN) is created by using different activation functions for different neurons. For $n$ neurons and $m$ different activation functions, there are a total of $m^n-m$ MCNNs and only $m$ traditional CNNs. Therefore, the best model is very likely to be chosen from MCNNs because there are $m^n-2m$ more MCNNs than traditional CNNs. For performance analysis, two different datasets for two applications (classifying handwritten digits from the MNIST database and classifying brain MRI images into one of the four stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD)) are used. For both applications, an activation function is randomly selected for each layer of a MCNN. For the AD diagnosis application, MCNNs using a newly created multi-function Inception-v4 architecture are constructed. Overall, simulations show that MCNNs can outperform traditional CNNs in terms of multi-class classification accuracy for both applications. An important future research work will be to efficiently select the best MCNN from $m^n-m$ candidate MCNNs. Current CNN software only provides users with partial functionality of MCNNs since different layers can use different activation functions but not individual neurons in the same layer. Thus, modifying current CNN software systems such as ResNets, DenseNets, and Dual Path Networks by using multiple activation functions and developing more effective and faster MCNN software systems and tools would be very useful to solve difficult practical image classification problems.