Authentication protocol based on collective quantum steering

TL;DR

This paper explores collective quantum steering, identifying states with polygamous correlations where steering requires joint effort, and proposes a quantum key authentication protocol utilizing these states to enhance cryptographic security.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of collective steerability in three-qubit states and presents a method to identify such states, along with a novel quantum key authentication protocol.

Findings

Identified states exhibiting collective steerability

Provided a recipe to find all such states

Proposed a quantum key authentication protocol

Abstract

It is well known that certain quantum correlations like quantum steering exhibit a monogamous relationship. In this paper, we exploit the asymmetric nature of quantum steering and show that there exist states which exhibit a polygamous correlation, known as collective correlation [He and Reid, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 250403 (2013)], where the state of one party, Alice, can be steered only by the joint effort of the other two parties, Bob and Charlie. As an example, we explicitly single out a particular set of $3$ qubit states which exhibit this polygamous relationship, known as collective steerability. We provide a recipe to identify the complete set of such states. We also provide a possible application of such states to an information theoretic task, termed as quantum key authentication (QKA) protocol. QKA can also be used in conjunction with other well known cryptography protocols to improve their security and we provide one such example with quantum private comparison (QPC).