Holstein polaron in a valley-degenerate two-dimensional semiconductor

TL;DR

This paper reports the discovery of Holstein polarons in surface-doped MoS2, revealing strong electron-phonon interactions and their potential role in 2D superconductivity with a critical temperature of 12 K.

Contribution

It provides the first experimental observation of Holstein polarons in a 2D semiconductor, linking electron-phonon coupling to superconductivity in MoS2.

Findings

Observation of spectral features consistent with Holstein polarons

Identification of valley degeneracy enabling strong intervalley phonon coupling

Increase in electron-phonon coupling strength along the superconducting dome

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) crystals have emerged as a class of materials with tuneable carrier density. Carrier doping to 2D semiconductors can be used to modulate manybody interactions and to explore novel composite particles. Holstein polaron is a small composite particle of an electron carrying a cloud of self-induced lattice deformation (or phonons), which has been proposed to play a key role in high-temperature superconductivity and carrier mobility in devices. Here, we report the discovery of Holstein polarons in a surface-doped layered semiconductor, MoS2, where a puzzling 2D superconducting dome with the critical temperature of 12 K was found recently. Using a high-resolution band mapping of charge carriers, we found strong band renormalizations collectively identified as a hitherto unobserved spectral function of Holstein polarons. The unexpected short-range nature of electron-phonon (e-ph) coupling in MoS2 can be explained by its valley degeneracy that enables strong intervalley coupling mediated by acoustic phonons. The coupling strength is found to gradually increase along the superconducting dome up to the intermediate regime, suggesting bipolaronic pairing in 2D superconductivity.