The Modeling Framework for Experimental Physics: Description, development, and applications

TL;DR

This paper introduces a specialized modeling framework for experimental physics that emphasizes recursive interaction between models and apparatus, aiding in curriculum design, research, and assessment of experimental skills.

Contribution

It presents a new, tailored theoretical framework for upper-division physics labs, extending existing models to better suit experimental physics education and research.

Findings

Framework is applicable across multiple physics domains.

It effectively characterizes students' experimental modeling skills.

The framework supports curriculum design and assessment tools.

Abstract

The ability to construct, use, and revise models is a crucial experimental physics skill. Many existing frameworks describe modeling in science education at introductory levels. However, most have limited applicability to the context of upper-division physics lab courses or experimental physics. Here, we discuss the Modeling Framework for Experimental Physics, a theoretical framework tailored to labs and experimentation. A key feature of the Framework is recursive interaction between models and apparatus. Models are revised to account for new evidence produced by apparatus, and apparatus are revised to better align with the simplifying assumptions of models. Another key feature is the distinction between the physical phenomenon being investigated and the measurement equipment used to conduct the investigation. Models of physical systems facilitate explanation or prediction of phenomena, whereas models of measurement systems facilitate interpretation of data. We describe the Framework, provide a chronological history of its development, and summarize its applications to research and curricular design. Ultimately, we argue that the Modeling Framework is a theoretically sound and well-tested tool that is applicable to multiple physics domains and research purposes. In particular, it is useful for characterizing students' approaches to experimentation, designing or evaluating curricula for lab courses, and developing instruments to assess students' experimental modeling skills.