The Kinetics of Primary Alpha Plate Growth in Titanium Alloys

TL;DR

This study models and experimentally verifies the growth kinetics of primary alpha plates in titanium alloys, revealing how alloy composition and temperature influence growth velocity and microstructure development.

Contribution

It introduces a validated kinetic model for alpha plate growth in titanium alloys, highlighting the effects of diffusivity, supersaturation, and alloying elements on growth behavior.

Findings

Growth velocity peaks around 40 K below transus temperature.

Mo content significantly influences plate length and growth rate.

V as a beta stabilizer leads to faster growth kinetics.

Abstract

The kinetics of primary alpha-Ti colony/Widmanstatten plate growth from the beta are examined, comparing model to experiment. The plate growth velocity depends sensitively both on the diffusivity D(T) of the rate-limiting species and on the supersaturation around the growing plate. These result in a maxima in growth velocity around 40 K below the transus, once sufficient supersaturation is available to drive plate growth. In Ti-6246, the plate growth velocity was found to be around 0.32 um min-1 at 850 oC, which was in good agreement with the model prediction of 0.36 um min-1 . The solute field around the growing plates, and the plate thickness, was found to be quite variable, due to the intergrowth of plates and soft impingement. This solute field was found to extend to up to 30 nm, and the interface concentration in the beta was found to be around 6.4 at.% Mo. It was found that increasing O content will have minimal effect on the plate lengths expected during continuous cooling; in contrast, Mo approximately doubles the plate lengths obtained for every 2 wt.% Mo reduction. Alloys using V as the beta stabiliser instead of Mo are expected to have much faster plate growth kinetics at nominally equivalent V contents. These findings will provide a useful tool for the integrated design of alloys and process routes to achieve tailored microstructures.