Spectral signatures of fractionalization in the frustrated Heisenberg model on the square lattice

TL;DR

This study uses variational Monte Carlo to analyze the dynamical structure factor in the frustrated J1-J2 Heisenberg model, revealing how spinons emerge and fractionalize magnons near a quantum critical point.

Contribution

It demonstrates the emergence of deconfined spinons and fractionalization in the square lattice Heisenberg model using a variational Monte Carlo approach.

Findings

Broad continuum of excitations near the spin-liquid phase

Gradual loss of magnon spectral weight with increasing frustration

Signatures of deconfined spinons in the ordered phase

Abstract

We employ a variational Monte Carlo approach to efficiently obtain the dynamical structure factor for the spin-1/2 $J_1-J_2$ Heisenberg model on the square lattice. Upon increasing the frustrating ratio $J_2/J_1$, the ground state undergoes a continuous transition from a N\'eel antiferromagnet to a $\mathbb{Z}_{2}$ gapless spin liquid. We identify the characteristic spectral features in both phases and highlight the existence of a broad continuum of excitations in the proximity of the spin-liquid phase. The magnon branch, which dominates the spectrum of the unfrustrated Heisenberg model, gradually loses its spectral weight, thus releasing nearly-deconfined spinons, whose signatures are visible even in the magnetically ordered state. Our results show how free spinons emerge across a quantum critical point, providing evidence for the fractionalization of magnons into deconfined spinons.