Dynamics of Kuramoto oscillators with time-delayed positive and negative couplings

TL;DR

This paper extends the Kuramoto model to include both positive and negative time-delayed couplings, providing analytical solutions for synchronization states and revealing how delays influence collective behavior, especially in neuronal networks.

Contribution

It introduces an exact analytical framework for Kuramoto oscillators with mixed positive and negative time-delayed couplings, enhancing understanding of synchronization dynamics.

Findings

Time delays in negative couplings promote synchronization.

Stable synchronized states require time delays when negative coupling dominates.

The model has implications for understanding neuronal network synchronization.

Abstract

Many real-world examples of distributed oscillators involve not only time delays but also attractive (positive) and repulsive (negative) influences in their network interactions. Here, considering such examples, we generalize the Kuramoto model of globally coupled oscillators with time-delayed positive and negative couplings to explore the effects of such couplings in collective phase synchronization. We analytically derive the exact solutions for stable incoherent and coherent states in terms of the system parameters allowing us to precisely understand the interplay of time delays and couplings in collective synchronization. Dependent on these parameters, fully coherent, incoherent states and mixed states are possible. Time-delays especially in the negative coupling seem to facilitate collective synchronization. In case of a stronger negative coupling than positive one, a stable synchronized state cannot be achieved without time delays. We discuss the implications of the model and the results for natural systems, particularly neuronal network systems in the brain.