NuSTAR Detection of a Hard X-ray Source in the Supernova Remnant - Molecular Cloud Interaction Site of IC 443

TL;DR

This study analyzes a complex X-ray source in IC 443's interaction site, revealing a combination of thermal and non-thermal emissions and suggesting it is likely a supernova ejecta or pulsar wind nebula surrounded by shocked molecular clumps.

Contribution

First broadband analysis of the X-ray source in IC 443's interaction site, testing scenarios and proposing its likely composition as ejecta or PWN with shocked molecular material.

Findings

X-ray spectrum shows thermal and non-thermal components.

Source likely a supernova ejecta or PWN with shocked molecular clumps.

Provides insights into hard X-ray sources in star-forming regions.

Abstract

We report on a broadband study of a complex X-ray source (1SAX J0618.0+2227) associated with the interaction site of the supernova remnant (SNR) IC 443 and ambient molecular cloud (MC) using NuSTAR, XMM_Newton, and Chandra observations. Its X-ray spectrum is composed of both thermal and non-thermal components. The thermal component can be equally well represented by either a thin plasma model with kT=0.19 keV or a blackbody model with kT=0.11 keV. The non-thermal component can be fit with either a power-law with Gamma~1.7 or a cutoff power-law with Gamma~1.5 and a cutoff energy at E_cut~18 keV. Using the newly obtained NuSTAR dataset, we test three possible scenarios for isolated X-ray sources in the SNR-MC interaction site: 1) pulsar wind nebula (PWN); 2) SNR ejecta fragment; 3) shocked molecular clump. We conclude that this source is most likely composed of a SNR ejecta (or a PWN) and surrounding shocked molecular clumps. The nature of this hard X-ray source in the SNR-MC interaction site of IC 443 may shed light on unidentified X-ray sources with hard X-ray spectra in rich environments for star forming regions, such as the Galactic center.