A Conformal Collider for Holographic CFTs

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new conformal collider formalism for large central charge CFTs, deriving bounds on three-point functions and revealing universal properties consistent with gravity duals, with implications for inflationary cosmology.

Contribution

It develops a holographic null energy operator-based formalism to constrain OPE coefficients in large c, sparse spectrum CFTs, linking causality to universal holographic features.

Findings

Derived bounds on stress tensor three-point functions.

Established universal properties of OPEs in the Regge limit.

Connected CFT causality constraints to inflationary observables.

Abstract

We develop a formalism to study the implications of causality on OPE coefficients in conformal field theories with large central charge and a sparse spectrum of higher spin operators. The formalism has the interpretation of a new conformal collider-type experiment for these class of CFTs and hence it has the advantage of requiring knowledge only about CFT three-point functions. This is accomplished by considering the holographic null energy operator which was introduced in arXiv:1709.03597 as a generalization of the averaged null energy operator. Analyticity properties of correlators in the Regge limit imply that the holographic null energy operator is a positive operator in a subspace of the total CFT Hilbert space. Utilizing this positivity condition, we derive bounds on three-point functions $\langle TO_1O_2\rangle$ of the stress tensor with various operators for CFTs with large central charge and a sparse spectrum. After imposing these constraints, we also find that the operator product expansions of all primary operators in the Regge limit have certain universal properties. All of these results are consistent with the expectation that CFTs in this class, irrespective of their microscopic details, admit universal gravity-like holographic dual descriptions. Furthermore, this connection enables us to constrain various inflationary observables such as the amplitude of chiral gravity waves, non-gaussanity of gravity waves and tensor-to-scalar ratio.