Graphon estimation via nearest neighbor algorithm and 2D fused lasso denoising

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel graphon estimation method combining nearest neighbor algorithms with 2D fused lasso denoising, improving estimation accuracy for complex network models.

Contribution

It develops a new graphon estimation approach that leverages rich node distance information and solves a 2D denoising problem, extending previous degree-based methods.

Findings

Achieves competitive rates for stochastic block models.

Effective for piecewise Hölder and bounded variation graphons.

Incorporates rich network information via a generalized distance metric.

Abstract

We propose a class of methods for graphon estimation based on exploiting connections with nonparametric regression. The idea is to construct an ordering of the nodes in the network, similar in spirit to Chan and Airoldi (2014). However, rather than only considering orderings based on the empirical degree as in Chan and Airoldi (2014), we use the nearest neighbor algorithm which is an approximating solution to the traveling salesman problem. This in turn can handle general distances $\hat{d}$ between the nodes, something that allows us to incorporate rich information of the network. Once an ordering is constructed, we formulate a 2D grid graph denoising problem that we solve through fused lasso regularization. For particular choices of the metric $\hat{d}$, we show that the corresponding two-step estimator can attain competitive rates when the true model is the stochastic block model, and when the underlying graphon is piecewise H\"{o}lder or it has bounded variation.