Asymptotic Correlations in Gapped and Critical Topological Phases of 1D Quantum Systems

TL;DR

This paper explores the relationship between topological invariants and correlation functions in one-dimensional quantum systems, revealing universal ratios and exact asymptotics that connect topology, criticality, and conformal field theory.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of string operator correlations in 1D topological phases, deriving exact asymptotics and demonstrating universality in correlation length ratios and scaling dimensions.

Findings

Correlation lengths ratios are universal in gapped phases.

Scaling dimensions encode topological invariant and central charge.

Exact asymptotics of correlation functions are derived using Toeplitz determinants.

Abstract

Topological phases protected by symmetry can occur in gapped and---surprisingly---in critical systems. We consider non-interacting fermions in one dimension with spinless time-reversal symmetry. It is known that the phases are classified by a topological invariant $\omega$ and a central charge $c$. We investigate the correlations of string operators, giving insight into the interplay between topology and criticality. In the gapped phases, these non-local string order parameters allow us to extract $\omega$. Remarkably, ratios of correlation lengths are universal. In the critical phases, the scaling dimensions of these operators serve as an order parameter, encoding $\omega$ and $c$. We derive exact asymptotics of these correlation functions using Toeplitz determinant theory. We include physical discussion, e.g., relating lattice operators to the conformal field theory. Moreover, we discuss the dual spin chains. Using the aforementioned universality, the topological invariant of the spin chain can be obtained from correlations of local observables.